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Zora Neale Hurston Folklorist/Anthropologist (1901 1960)
Born in Eatonville, Zora Neale Hurston was a major contributor to the Harlem Renaissance and a chronicler of Florida's culture. A recipient of Rosenwald and Guggenheim fellowships, Hurston was one of the first African Americans to receive a bachelor's degree from Barnard College. Her autobiographical work, Dust Tracks on the Road, won the Anisfield-Wolf award from the Saturday Review in 1943. She was a master storyteller. Her works, however, faded into obscurity and, receiving a rejection of her manuscript on King Herod, she died nearly penniless and in a welfare home. Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Alice Walker rediscovered and brought back to popularity Hurston's marvelous spirit. Today, Hurston's novels, stories and autobiography are on reading lists of schools across the nation.
Daniel "Chappie" James, Jr.
Military Officer (1920 1978)
A Pensacola native, "Chappie" James became the first African American four-star general in American military history in 1976. His illustrious career included 101 combat missions as a fighter pilot in Korea and 78 more in Vietnam. He was decorated for valor and air tactics. Once, as a commanding officer of the U.S. Air Force base in Libya, and wearing a 45 automatic stuffed under his belt, he confronted the new dictator, Muammar Khadafy, at the front gate and forced his withdrawal. Khadafy had intended to seize the base with his half-tracks. In the late 1970s, the General was sought out as a potential candidate for lieutenant governor of Florida but died of a heart attack a few weeks after his retirement. James was a widely acclaimed national spokesman for black self-respect.
Campaigners: 1860-1900
John Quincy Adams
Harriet Jacobs
Richard Allen
Thomas Johnson
Susan Anthony
John Jones
Charles Ball
Elizabeth Keckley
Henry Ward Beecher
Charles Langston
Henry Bibb
John M. Langston
James Birney
Abraham Lincoln
Amelia Bloomer
Mary Livermore
Olympia Brown
Elijah Lovejoy
Henry Box Brown
Benjamin Lundy
John Brown
Lucretia Mott
William Wells Brown
Solomon Northup
Martha Browne
Robert Dale Owen
Henry Clay Bruce
James Pennington
Martin Van Buren
Wendell Phillips
Annie Burton
Robert Purvis
Mary Ann Cary
Charles Remond
Maria Chapman
Moses Roper
Salmon P. Chase
Josephine Ruffin
Lydia Maria Child
David Ruggles
Joseph Cinque
Austin Steward
Levi Coffin
William Seward
Samuel Eli Cornish
Gerrit Smith
Prudence Crandall
Edwin Stanton
Offobah Cugoano
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Henry Winter Davis
Thaddeus Stevens
William H. Day
William Still
Martin R. Delany
Lucy Stone
Frederick Douglass
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Jacob Stroyer
Olaudah Equiano
Charles Sumner
James Forten
Arthur Tappan
Francis Fredric
Lewis Tappan
Henry H. Garnet
Henry David Thoreau
Thomas Garrett
Sojourner Truth
William Lloyd Garrison
Harriet Tubman
Joshua Giddings
Nat Turner
Lewis Clarke
Bethany Veney
Moses Grandy
Fanny Garrison Villard
Horace Greeley
Benjamin Wade
Angelina Grimke
Theodore Weld
Sarah Grimke
Ida Wells-Barnett
Frances Harper
Phillis Wheatley
Walter Hawkins
Walt Whitman
Oliver Howard
John Greenleaf Whittier
Samuel Gridley Howe
Fanny Wright
Josiah Henson
Zamba Zembola
Campaigners: 1900-1980
Ralph Abernathy
Oliver Law
Bella Abzug
James Lawson
Jane Addams
Herbert Lee
Herbert Aptheker
John Lewis
Bill Bailey
Joseph Levin
Ella J. Baker
Viola Liuzzo
Ray Stannard Baker
Henry Demarest Lloyd
James Baldwin
Mary Mahoney
Roger Baldwin
Albert Maltz
Marion Barry
Vito Marcantonio
Daisy Bates
Thurgood Marshall
Mary McLeod Bethune
Bill Mauldin
Julian Bond
Claude McKay
Arna Bontemps
Charles McDew
Edward Brooke
Floyd McKissick
Elaine Brown
James Meredith
H. Rap Brown
Marion Merriman
Ralph Bunche
Inez Milholland
James Cannon
Jessica Mitford
Emanuel Celler
Anne Moody
James Chaney
Harry T. Moore
Stokely Carmichael
Robert Moses
Kathleen Cleaver
Elijah Muhammad
Eldridge Cleaver
Anna Pauli Murray
Edward Costigan
Abraham Muste
Jonathan Daniels
Scott Nearing
Charles Darrow
Steve Nelson
Angela Davis
Fredrika Newton
Benjamin Davis
Huey Newton
Morris Dees
Edgar Nixon
Oliver Depriest
Floyd B. Olson
John Dewey
Mary White Ovington
Michael Donald
Chandler Owen
Hal Draper
Rosa Parks
Edmund Duffy
William Patterson
Leonidas Dyer
Louise Patterson
William Du Bois
James Peck
Crystal Eastman
Philip Randolph
Elizabeth Eckford
James J. Reeb
Medger Evers
Walter Reuther
James Farmer
Paul Robeson
Louis Farrakhan
Rubye Robinson
E. Franklin Frazier
Joel Rogers
James Forman
Eleanor Roosevelt
Marcus Garvey
Charles Edward Russell
Eslanda Goode
Bayard Rustin
Andrew Goodman
George Schuyler
Alex Haley
Michael Schwerner
Fred Hampton
Bobby Seale
Oliver Harrington
Max Shachtman
Hubert Harrison
Fred Shuttlesworth
Fannie Lou Hamer
James Silver
Harry Haywood
Modjeska Simkins
David Hilliard
Agnes Smedley
John Haynes Holmes
Lincoln Steffens
Benjamin Hooks
Mary B. Talbert
Charles Houston
Mary Church Terrell
George Houser
Norman Thomas
William Dean Howells
Robert Treuhaft
Langston Hughes
Fanny Garrison Villard
William Bradford Huie
Oswald Garrison Villard
Adella Hunt-Logan
Robert F. Wagner
Bobby Hutton
Lillian Wald
Harold Ickes
William Walling
George Jackson
Booker T. Washington
Jessie Jackson
Olivia Washington
Jimmie Lee Jackson
Ida Wells
Lyndon B. Johnson
George H.White
James Weldon Johnson
Walter F. White
Salaria Kea
Hosea Williams
Florence Kelley
Roy Wilkins
Stetson Kennedy
Milton Wolff
Freda Kirchwey
Richard Wright
Coretta Scott King
Ralph Yarborough
Martin Luther King
Andrew Young
William Kunstler
Whitney Young
Belle La Follette
Samuel Younge
Robert La Follette
Malcolm X
Robert La Follette Jr.
Howard Zinn
1840-1900: Issues, Events & Organizations
Black Codes
Radical Republicans
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Fugitive Slave Law
Reconstruction Plans
Emancipation Proclamation
Reconstruction Acts
Ku Klux Klan
Wade-Davis Act
Freemen's Bureau
Civil Rights (1866)
Civil Rights (1875)
Howard University
Fisk University
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
1900-1980: Issues, Events & Organizations
Niagara Movement
Americans for Democratic Action
UNIA
Nonviolent Resistance
Lynching of Rubin Stacy
Strange Fruit
National Association of Colored Women
National Council of Negro Women
Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
Costigan-Wagner Bill
Fisk University
Howard University
Fellowship of Reconciliation
National Urban League
NAACP
Jim Crow Laws
Journey of Reconciliation
March on Washington: 1941
Fair Employment Act (1942)
Little Rock High School
Randolph Institute
Southern Poor Law Centre
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Freedom Riders
Lynching of Emmett Till
Segregated Lunch Counters
SCLC
Congress of Racial Equality
SNCC
Head Start
Black Panthers
Black Power
Freedom Summer
Freedom Schools
Baptist Church Bombing
Black Muslims
March on Washington: 1963
Selma March
Mississippi Burning
March Against Fear
Black Panthers
Civil Rights Memorial
Watts Race Riot
Civil Rights Act (1957)
Civil Rights Act (1960)
Civil Rights Act (1964)
Immigration Act (1965)
Voting Rights Act (1965)
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